Periodontal (gum) disease is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults. Treatment depends entirely on the stage — and the earlier it is caught, the more conservative the approach.
Stage 1: Gingivitis (Reversible)
Gingivitis is inflammation of the gum tissue caused by bacterial plaque at the gumline. Signs include red, swollen, or bleeding gums. At this stage, there is no bone loss and no permanent damage. Treatment is a professional cleaning combined with improved home care. Gingivitis is fully reversible with consistent effort.
Stage 2: Early Periodontitis
When gingivitis is untreated, bacteria spread below the gumline and begin destroying the bone and connective tissue that support teeth. Gum pockets deepen (4–5mm). Treatment: scaling and root planing (deep cleaning) under local anaesthetic, plus improved oral hygiene. Frequent maintenance appointments every 3–4 months follow.
Stage 3: Moderate Periodontitis
Bone loss is more significant. Pockets are 5–7mm deep. Treatment involves the same deep cleaning approach, but multiple sessions may be required. Some cases may benefit from locally applied antibiotics placed into the pockets after scaling. Surgery may be considered if non-surgical treatment is insufficient.
Stage 4: Severe Periodontitis
Severe bone loss, very deep pockets, tooth mobility, and sometimes tooth loss. Surgical treatments — including flap surgery (to access and clean deep pockets), bone grafting, and guided tissue regeneration — may be needed to stabilize the disease. Some teeth may not be saveable. At Smileworks Dental in Calgary, we provide thorough periodontal assessment and treatment planning. Catching the disease early remains the most important factor in a good outcome.