Gum recession — the pulling back of gum tissue to expose the root surface — is more common than most people realize, and more serious than it might initially seem.
Why Recession Matters
Unlike enamel, which is very hard and resistant to decay, the exposed root surface (cementum and dentine) is much softer and more vulnerable to cavities. Root decay is harder to treat and progresses faster than crown decay. Recession also causes sensitivity and, if severe, can jeopardize the long-term survival of teeth.
Common Causes
Gum recession is caused by multiple factors: aggressive toothbrushing (using a hard-bristle brush or scrubbing too hard is a leading cause), periodontal disease (bacterial infection destroys gum and bone tissue), tooth grinding and clenching, teeth that are tipped or pushed outward past the bone envelope, thin gum tissue (a genetic predisposition), and previous orthodontic treatment.
Can It Be Reversed?
Lost gum tissue does not regenerate on its own. However, mild recession can be halted with improved oral hygiene and technique. Moderate to severe recession can be treated with periodontal surgery — specifically a gum graft (connective tissue graft or free gingival graft). This procedure takes tissue from the palate and places it over the exposed root, rebuilding the gumline.
Prevention
Use a soft-bristle toothbrush. Brush gently in circular motions — not back-and-forth scrubbing. Use correct brushing pressure (about the same as you would use to brush an egg). Wear a night guard if you grind your teeth. Get regular check-ups so recession is caught early. At Smileworks Dental in Calgary, we assess your gum health at every appointment.