Tooth sensitivity is one of the most common dental complaints — affecting roughly 1 in 8 adults. But "sensitive teeth" is a symptom, not a diagnosis. The right treatment depends entirely on identifying what is actually causing it.
How Sensitivity Works
Most tooth sensitivity involves exposed dentin — the layer of tooth beneath the protective enamel and cementum. Dentin contains thousands of microscopic tubules that lead to the nerve of the tooth. When dentin is exposed and these tubules are open, stimuli like temperature, pressure, and sweet or acidic foods travel rapidly to the nerve, producing the sharp, shooting pain characteristic of sensitivity.
Common Causes
Gum recession is one of the most frequent causes — when gums pull away from the teeth, root surfaces (which have no enamel) become exposed. Enamel erosion from acid (acidic diet, acid reflux, bulimia) exposes dentin on the crown of the tooth. Tooth grinding wears down enamel. Cracked teeth can cause acute sensitivity to specific stimuli. Whitening treatments temporarily increase sensitivity in some patients. New cavities and failing restorations can both cause sensitivity.
Treatment Options
Treatment is cause-dependent. Desensitizing toothpastes (containing potassium nitrate or stannous fluoride) help block tubules over time — results take 2-4 weeks of consistent use. Professional fluoride varnishes applied at dental visits seal tubules and reduce sensitivity significantly. For gum recession, treatment may involve gum grafting. For cracked teeth, a crown. For grinding, a night guard.
When to See a Dentist
Sensitivity to cold that lingers, sharp spontaneous pain, or sensitivity to biting pressure are all reasons to seek evaluation promptly — these patterns often indicate a cavity, crack, or nerve involvement rather than simple dentin hypersensitivity. Book an appointment at Smileworks Dental in Calgary to identify the cause and get the right treatment for your specific situation.