A dental abscess is a localized collection of pus caused by a bacterial infection. It is a serious dental emergency that should never be ignored — and in rare cases, can become life-threatening.
Types of Dental Abscesses
A periapical abscess forms at the tip of the tooth root, typically as a result of untreated decay that has reached the pulp (nerve) of the tooth, or from a cracked tooth that allows bacteria in. A periodontal abscess forms in the gum and supporting bone, usually as a complication of gum disease. Both require professional treatment — there is no home remedy that resolves an abscess.
Symptoms of a Dental Abscess
Severe, persistent, throbbing tooth or jaw pain — often described as the worst toothache imaginable. Sensitivity to heat and pressure. Swelling in the face, cheek, or neck. Fever. Swollen lymph nodes under the jaw or neck. A bad taste in the mouth (if the abscess ruptures and drains). In some cases, an abscess may not cause pain at all, particularly if it has drained through a fistula (a small pimple-like bump on the gum).
Why an Abscess Is an Emergency
Dental infections can spread beyond the mouth to the surrounding tissues, the neck (causing Ludwig's angina, which can compromise the airway), or even to the brain in extreme cases. Any swelling in the jaw or neck, fever, or difficulty breathing associated with a toothache requires immediate emergency care — go to the nearest emergency room if you cannot reach a dentist. Do not delay.
Treatment
Treatment typically involves draining the abscess, antibiotics, and treating the source — either a root canal to save the tooth or an extraction if the tooth cannot be saved. Antibiotics alone do not cure a dental abscess; they control the infection temporarily but the source must be treated. At Smileworks Dental in Calgary, we accommodate emergency dental appointments. Call us immediately if you suspect an abscess.