Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body — harder than bone. But it has one critical weakness: it cannot regenerate. Once it is gone, it is gone. Understanding enamel erosion is essential to protecting your smile long-term.
What Causes Enamel Erosion
Erosion is caused by acids that chemically dissolve the mineral content of enamel. The most common source is dietary: carbonated drinks (including sparkling water), citrus fruits and juices, vinegar-based foods, wine, and energy drinks all have pH levels low enough to soften enamel. Acid reflux (GERD) exposes teeth to stomach acid chronically. Bulimia nervosa causes severe enamel erosion from repeated exposure to stomach acid during purging.
Signs You Have Enamel Erosion
Teeth that have undergone erosion often appear slightly transparent at the edges, have a rounded or smooth appearance (versus the normal slightly textured surface), look yellower (the darker underlying dentin shows through thinned enamel), and are sensitive to temperature and sweets. Cupping — small dents on the chewing surface — is another sign of significant erosion. Your dentist can identify erosion patterns during your examination.
Slowing and Stopping Erosion
Once enamel is lost, the goal shifts to protecting what remains. Limit acidic food and drink, particularly between meals. When you consume acidic foods or drinks, rinse with water afterward. Wait 30-60 minutes before brushing after consuming acidic foods — brushing immediately can scrub away acid-softened enamel. Use a remineralizing toothpaste containing fluoride, which can partially reverse early demineralization. If acid reflux is contributing, treating the underlying condition is essential.
Treating Eroded Enamel
Mild erosion may be managed with fluoride treatments and protective measures. More significant erosion that has affected the appearance or function of teeth may require composite bonding, dental crowns, or veneers to restore the tooth surface. If your teeth appear translucent, yellowed, or have become significantly sensitive, schedule an appointment at Smileworks Dental in Calgary to assess the extent of erosion and discuss your options.